I)  Industrial Microbiology
     A)  The use of microorganisms to produce valuable commercial products or carry  out important chemical transformations.
          1)  Products and uses of microorganisms
                   Food Additives (amino acids)
                   Chemicals (organic acids - Citric acid)
                    Enzymes
                    Vitamins (B12)
                    Pharmaceutical agents (antibiotics, other drugs)
                    Alcohol (beer and wine fermentations)
                    Fermented Food products - (Food Microbiology; cheese, soy sauce)
                    Yeast or other fungi (for baking or food sources - vegemite)
             2)  Bioconversions - use of microbial metabolism to modify a  chemical

      2)  Highlights in the history of Industrial Microbiology
               a)  Alcoholic Fermentations - Beer and wine
               b)  Pharmaceutical agents - antibiotics

II)  Production of Metabolites
         A)  Most industrial microbiological processes are enhancements or modifications of metabolic reactions
        that microorganisms already carry out.

         B)  Types of metabolites - Primary, Secondary and Recombinant.
                 Metabolite - product of metabolism.
                  1)  Primary - Produced during the primary growth phase ; essential for cell growth and reproduction
                  2)  Secondary - Produced during stationary phase
                  3)  Recombinant metabolite - Produced during stationary phase.
                               - Heterologous protein production - Production of a protein encoded by a gene which is
                                introduced into a host strain using genetic engineering technology and is not normally found in the host strain.

         C)  Large-scale production of metabolites -
              1)  Industrial fermentation - Large scale microbial growth process (regardless of aerobic or anaerobic)
              2)  Most industrial fermentations are aerobic!
              3)  Industrial fermentations carried out in vessels called Bioreactors or Fermenters.