Summer 2008 Programs and REUs

• American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows Program
  
  Increasing public understanding of science and technology is one of the principal goals of the AAAS. AAAS has improved coverage of science and technology in mass media for more than twenty years through the Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellows Program. This program strengthens the connections between scientists and journalists by placing advanced science, mathematics and engineering students in newsrooms across the country. The AAAS Fellows use their academic training in the sciences as they research, write, and report today's headlines, sharpening their abilities to communicate complex scientific and technical issues to non-specialists.
  
  The AAAS Fellows work for 10 weeks during the summer as reporters, researchers and production assistants in mass media organizations nationwide. They collaborate with media professionals at radio and television stations, newspapers, and magazines. The student-scientists and their host-journalists strive to make science news clear and comprehensive to the public.
  
  The fellowship program is designed to enhance coverage of science-related issues in the media in order to improve public understanding and appreciation of science and technology. Fellows have the opportunity to observe and participate in the process by which events and ideas become news, improve their communication skills by learning to describe complex technical subjects in a manner understandable to the lay public, and increase their understanding of editorial decision-making and the way in which information is effectively disseminated.
  
  Applicants must be enrolled as college or university students (in their senior year, or in any graduate or post-graduate level) in the natural, physical, health, engineering, computer or social sciences or mathematics in order to apply. AAAS selects 20-25 Mass Media Fellows each summer. Fellows are provided a weekly stipend of $450 as well as travel expenses to and from AAAS and their sites. Last year's host sites included:
  
  
  • Chicago Tribune
  • KUNC-FM, Greeley, CO
  • Los Angeles Times
  • Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel
  • National Public Radio (NPR), Washington, DC
  • Oregonian
  • Philadelphia Inquirer
  • Richmond Times-Dispatch
  • Sacramento Bee
  • Scientific American
  • St. Louis Post Dispatch
  • US News and World Report
  • Voice of America
  • WOSU-AM, Columbus, OH
  
  
  The program's impact extends beyond the 10 weeks spent at summer sites. A significant number of program alumni have been encouraged by their fellowship experiences to pursue careers related to science journalism. Others, working as scientists or engineers, become more adept at describing scientific concepts to reporters who call their institutions for information. Some hire on as freelancers, or have otherwise incorporated new activities related to public understanding of science into their academic or professional work in science and engineering.
  
  Application procedure:
  The application is available online this fall at the AAAS Mass Media website. A complete application consists of:
  
  
  • The application form
  • A copy of your resume, including any honors, awards, and relevant activities
  • Brief sample(s) of your writing (2-3 pages on any subject written in terms appropriate for the general public - no technical papers)
  • Journal news story coverage (See application)
  • Three letters of recommendation (to be mailed directly to the program). Two of these letters should be from faculty members; one should be a personal reference
  • Transcripts of your undergraduate and/or graduate work (to be mailed directly to the program)
  
  
  The deadline for receipt of applications is January 15, 2008.

 

• American Heart Association Undergraduate Student Research Program
  
  The purpose of this program is to encourage talented undergraduate students from all disciplines to consider careers in biomedical research, particularly as it pertains to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular areas. Students are assigned to leading research laboratories in California, Nevada and Utah for a ten-week period during the summer. The projects students work on range from basic molecular research to direct physiological studies. Visit the American Heart Association website for information and an application. he deadline for the receipt of applications for the Summer 2008 program is February 1, 2008.

 

• AON Corporation
  Summer Internships Available
  
  Aon Corporation is a leading provider of risk management services, insurance and reinsurance brokerage, human capital and management consulting, and specialty insurance underwriting. Currently, Aon Los Angeles & San Francisco has 4 actuary intern positions available within the Aon Consulting Group for the Business Internship Program. Below please find links to the general job description. Aon is seeking junior candidates graduating by December 2007 or June 2008 who are interested in actuary/mathematics. All candidates can apply for San Francisco, Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, or Atlanta Actuary opportunities at http://www.aon.com for current openings under "Careers - United States - On-Campus Recruitment - Business Internship Program - Apply Now ". Be sure to upload your resume and create a profile at www.aon.com.
  
  Apply Now Links
  http://www.aon.com/us/about/careers/early_career_opp/bip/default.jsp
  https://aon.recruitmax.com/ENG/college/

 

• Argonne National Laboratory
  Department of Energy Student Undergraduate Laboratory and Student Research Participation Programs
  
  The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory, a major research center, announces opportunities for university undergraduate students to participate in the Laboratory's ongoing research programs. In addition, they are sponsoring research participation programs at Argonne as well as other DOE facilities. At Argonne, students may obtain research experience through the DOE's Student Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program or the Student Research Participation Program. To apply for the program at Argonne or another DOE Lab, you must submit an application at the DOE website.
  
  For the Argonne Student Research Participation Program, apply through the Argonne Division of Educational Programs. These programs extend for a ten week period. In addition to research activities, participants attend a series of seminars and tours dealing with current topics in science and engineering.
  
  Eligibility: GPA of at least 2.5; U.S. citizenship or permanent resident alien status; freshman, sophomore, junior or senior standing in a U.S. college or university.
  
  Support: Please visit the above web sites for information about stipends, housing, and travel allowances.

 

• Arizona State University and Los Alamos National Laboratory
  Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute (MTBI) Summer Research Program
  
  MTBI is an intensive eight-week summer REU, with the objective of preparing promising young scientists interested in working at the interface of mathematics, statistics, and the natural and social sciences for the rigors of graduate studies. The first four weeks of the program provide intensive instruction in dynamical systems, computational methods and modeling. During the final four weeks, students work in self-selected groups on research problems of their own choosing in collaboration with experienced faculty and graduate student mentors. By the end of the summer, the students have prepared a technical report and poster of their findings and give an oral presentation to their peers and other scientists. Emphasis is on the use of dynamical systems, including stochastic processes, computational methods and modeling. Students learn to use MatLab, Maple and LaTeX while being introduced to computational software that has been developed for the study of dynamical systems.
  
  Applicants must have completed their sophomore or junior year as majors in math, biology, or related fields, and must have had at least one year of calculus. Airfare up to $500.00 is provided, as well as room and board and a $3000 stipend.
  
  Online application on the website. For more information, please contact:
  
  Kae Sawyer
  Program Manager/Assistant to the Director
  Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Institute
  Department of Mathematics and Statistics
  Arizona State University
  P. O. Box 871804
  Tempe, AZ 85287-1804
  Phone: 480-965-7530
  email: kae.sawyer@asu.edu

 

• BASE Summer Program - U.C. Berkeley Haas School of Business
  July 7 - August 15, 2008
  
  The Haas School of Business and the University of California, Berkeley present the BASE Summer Program (Business for Arts, Sciences and Engineering). BASE is a six-week total business immersion program that enables non-business majors to take business courses while earning nine units of academic credit. Some former BASE students have gone on to earn MBA degrees, while others have accepted jobs in marketing, product development, and consulting with Google, McKinsey & Co., IBM, and others. The ideal participant of the BASE Program is an undergraduate student who will have recently completed his or her sophomore, junior, or senior year, and who has already gained a solid foundation in liberal arts, sciences or engineering.
  
  BASE 2008 applications are now being accepted.  The application deadline is March 31, 2008. To download the application or for more information please visit the website at:
  
  http://www.haas.berkeley.edu/Undergrad/BASE/

   

• California State University, Chico
  Research Experience for Undergraduates in Mathematical Modelling, Math Education, or Number Theory
  June 30 - August 8, 2008
  
  Under the direction of Dr. S. Fomin (math modelling using calculus and differential equations), Dr. C. Pavone (math education), or Dr. B. Levitt (number theory) students will be investigating open problems with the goal of producing publishable research. To apply, please complete the application form (available on-line), provide transcripts (unofficial are fine), and arrange for a letter of reference to be sent to the address below. The letter should be from an instructor familiar with your mathematical background and abilities. Candidates must be US citizens or permanent residents who are intending to continue undergraduate studies in the fall. Women and students from minorities underrepresented in mathematics are particularly encouraged to apply.
  
  For further information, do not hesitate to contact us directly:
  
  Sergei Fomin, REU Director
  Department of Mathematics & Statistics
  California State University, Chico
  Chico CA 95929-0525
  sfomin@csuchico.edu
  
  CSU Chico Math REU website
  
  Deadline for application: March 1, 2008.

   

• CaNSaM Research Experience for Undergraduates
  in Computational and Numerical Statistics and Mathematics
  Oakland University
  
  This NSF sponsored REU runs from May 13 - July 3, 2008, at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. It is an 8 week intensive resident research program in applied mathematics or statistics with additional instruction in mathematical communication techniques. The 2008 subject list includes:
  
  • Medical simulations
  • Mathematical models in engineering
  • Interconnection networks
  • High throughput screening analysis
  • Algebraic curves and automorphism goups
  • Scientific visualization
  Although open to all students, CaNSaM is looking for underrepresented minority students who are junior or senior math, statistics, or science majors with some computer programming experience who have not yet had the opportunity at their own institution to participate in real applied mathematical research. Students must be US citizens or permanent residents. There is a stipend of $3200 for eight weeks participation, plus a $400 travel allowance, room and board for the eight week period, and support for travel to professional meetings. Application deadline:  February 1, 2008.
  
  For further information and applications visit CaNSaM 2008 REU or email mathreu@oakland.edu.

   

• Clemson University
  Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Computational Number Theory and Combinatorics
  
  Undergraduates who have a solid background in mathematics and some knowledge of computation are invited to apply for an eight-week research experience in computational number theory and combinatorics to be held at Clemson University. Participants will be offered up to $420 in travel support, a dorm room to be shared with other participants, up to $840 for meals and a stipend of $3,045.
  
  Participants will be introduced to various tools, techniques and problems from computational number theory and combinatorics. The participants will be divided into teams of two or three. Each team will then pick a problem on which to focus for the remainder of the REU. The goal of the program will be to help students attain a higher level of independence in mathematical research by giving them the opportunity to take part in a significant and interesting research project. For the first two weeks of the program participants will meet daily with their supervisors. As time progresses, these meetings will become less frequent in order to allow the students to reach an increased level of independence. Participants will be strongly encouraged to pursue the publishing of their results in a suitable mathematical journal. Students will also be encouraged to attend the South East Regional Meeting On Numbers (SERMON) in the spring of the following year and present their work there.
  
  HOW TO APPLY:
  All undergraduate students who are US citizens or permanent residents and are interested in computation and combinatorics and/or number theory are invited to apply. Please visit Clemson University for application instructions and an application form. Application review will begin February 15.
  
  For more information, email Kevin James.

 

• Cornell University - Summer Math Institute (SMI)
  June 7 - August 2, 2008
  
  Are you considering graduate study in the mathematical sciences? The Summer Math Institute at Cornell University provides an opportunity to explore the world of mathematics, and helps prepare students for the rigors of graduate school. A major focus of SMI will be an advanced undergraduate course in analysis. This is a rigorous proof-based course that directly prepares students for the demands of graduate school. Participants will also work on projects in other areas as well. The project subjects will be at the discretion of the project supervisor. We emphasize that SMI is not an REU (research experience for undergraduates) program. The primary focus of SMI is basic coursework.
  
  The main course meets daily for one hour. Faculty will be available each evening to work with students individually. Participants are expected to commit 20-30 hours per week to the course, often work collaboratively on assignments and move together toward a common goal. Students will consult regularly with their Project leaders who will guide their reading. Exposition will be an important focus in the project work. We will expect students to take initiative in both the choice and presentation of project materials. Students are encouraged to take advantage of the many campus and community events that occur throughout the summer, including guest lectures, concerts, plays, movies and festivals. Participants can also take advantage of the numerous outdoor recreational activities available in the Greater Ithaca area.
  
  We welcome applications from college students who have completed an advanced calculus or introductory analysis course, and who feel they can benefit from SMI's intensive instruction in advanced mathematics. We particularly encourage applications from women and minority students who are considering graduate study in the mathematical sciences. To apply, you will need fill out our online application form and submit letters of recommendation, a resume, and a transcript.
  
  Award: $3000 Stipend + Room, Board and Travel
  Program Dates: June 7 - August 2, 2008. Apply online by February 15, 2008.
  Website: http://www.cam.cornell.edu/~smi

   

• DIMACS (Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science)
  Research Experience for Undergraduates
  June 2 - July 27, 2008
  
  DIMACS, DyDAn, and the Rutgers University Mathematics Department invite applications for a NSF/DHS Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program. DIMACS was founded as one of 24 Science and Technology Centers funded by the NSF. It is located at Rutgers University, and is a joint project of Rutgers, Princeton, AT&T Laboratories, Bell Laboratories, Telcordia Technologies, and the NEC Research Institute. DIMACS has over 250 permanent members in mathematics, computer science, and operations research, and hosts many distinguished visitors each year.
  
  The program begins with eight weeks of intensive work during the summer of 2008; students are strongly encouraged to continue their projects during the academic year 2008-2009. We expect DIMACS will select twelve undergraduates to participate, DyDAn will select five undergraduates to participate, and the Math Department will select approximately five to ten students (depending on availability of funds) for their program. Participants will have a DIMACS, DyDAn, or Math Department faculty member as a supervisor. A stipend of approximately $3,300 will be provided (depending on choice of housing options) as well as travel (the DIMACS and the DyDAn programs will cover travel up to $500 with additional funds available on a case by case basis) and housing. (Note: the travel funds are offered by DIMACS and DyDAn. The Math department may not offer travel support in their program). This program requires eight weeks of intense effort and on-site participation. Students should not commit to other activities (e.g., courses) during the REU program.
  
  Applicants should be undergraduates with a major in Computer Science, Mathematics, or a closely related field. They should be current juniors (graduating in 2009), although sophomores with exceptionally strong backgrounds will be considered. In exceptional circumstance, seniors will be allowed into the program if they will not have graduated by the time the program begins. Preference will be given to students who will continue their research projects during the academic year, under the direction of either their supervisor or a faculty member from their home institution. Due to funding agency rules, only U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents are eligible to receive stipends and support for housing and travel costs under the DIMACS, DIMACS/DIMATIA, and Mathematics programs; however, foreign students enrolled at a U.S. university are eligible under the DyDAn program. Women, minorities, and disabled students are encouraged to apply. See the DIMACS web pages for additional information, or contact the REU Coordinator for more information. Application deadline: January 31, 2008.

 

• The EDGE Program: Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education
  A Mathematics Program for Women
  
  The EDGE Program, funded by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, is designed to strengthen the ability of women and minority students to successfully complete graduate programs in the mathematical sciences. The summer program consists of two core courses in analysis and algebra/linear algebra. There will also be minicourses in vital areas of mathematical research in pure and applied mathematics, short-term visitors from academia and industry, guest lectures, graduate student mentors, and problem sessions. In addition, a follow-up mentoring program and support network will be established with the participants' respective graduate programs.
  Eligibility:
  Applicants to the program should be women who are
  • graduating seniors who have applied to graduate programs in the mathematical sciences,
  • recent recipients of undergraduate degrees who are now entering graduate programs, or
  • first-year graduate students.
  All applicants should have completed standard junior-senior level undergraduate courses in analysis and abstract algebra and have a desire to earn a doctorate degree. Women from minority groups who fit one of the above three categories are especially encouraged to apply. Final acceptance to the program is contingent upon acceptance to a graduate program in the mathematical sciences.
  
  Program date: The next EDGE summer program is being planned for June, 2008, at Pamona College, pending support.
  Application deadline: March 1, 2008.
  
  Obtain your application from the Edge Program website.

 

• The George Washington University Summer Program for Women in Mathematics (SPWM)
  June 28 - August 2, 2008
  
  SPWM is a five-week intensive program for mathematically-talented undergraduate women who are completing their junior year and may be contemplating graduate study in the mathematical sciences. Goals of this program are to communciate an enthusiasm for mathematics, to develop research skills, to cultivate mathematical self-confidence and independence, and to promote success in graduate school.
  
  Eligibility:
  Applicants must be undergraduate women at a U.S. university or college who are completing their junior year, or equivalent, and have mathematical experience beyond the typical first courses in calculus and linear algebra.
  
  Award:
  Sixteen women will be selected. Each will receive a travel allowance, campus room and board, and a stipend of $1,750.
  
  Program:
  SPWM will offer a number of seminars led by active research mathematicians, with the assistance of graduate students. The seminars will be organized to enable the students to obtain a deep understanding of basic concepts in several areas of mathematics, to learn how to do independent work, and to gain experience in expressing mathematical ideas orally and in writing. No course credits or grades will be given. There will be panel discussions on graduate schools, career opportunities, and the job market. Weekly field trips will be organized to facilities of mathematical interest around the Washington area.
  
  Applications are accepted only by mail, and are due February 29, 2008. Application forms may be downloaded from the program homepage. For further information, please contact the co-directors:
  
  Professor Murli M. Gupta, (202) 994-4857
  Professor E. Arthur Robinson, (202 994-6237
  Professor Katharine Gurski, (202) 994-6741
  spwm@gwu.edu

 

• Grand Valley State University
  Undergraduate Research Experiences in Mathematics
  June 8 - August 2, 2008
  
  The Department of Mathematics at Grand Valley State University (GVSU) invites interested undergraduates to apply for NSF REU summer research fellowships in mathematics. Funding from the National Science Foundation will allow us to provide a very nice compensation package for our undergraduate participants. In addition to housing on GVSU's campus in the Laker Village Townhouses and a $560 food allowance ($70 per week), participants will receive a $3,300 stipend for the eight week program period in 2008.
  
  Current areas of research among faculty mentors include wavelets and applications, Hausdorff metric geometry, voting theory, and the geometry of polynomials. Past projects have resulted in publications in various journals as well as presentations at state and national meetings. In addition to collaborating with students and faculty on research problems, students will receive instruction on preparing presentations and creating mathematical reports.
  
  All current full-time undergraduate students who have completed one full year of calculus and one course in linear algebra are eligible to apply. More program information, including the on-line application form and instructions for submission of materials, is available on the Grand Valley Mathematics Department website. We particularly welcome applications from individuals belonging to groups traditionally underrepresented in mathematics. Application deadline: February 29, 2008.

 

• HSBC/UNCF Corporate Scholars Program
  Summer Internships
  
  HSBC North America and the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) offer 8- to 10-week paid summer internships at HSBC facilities with corporate mentors and real work experience, as well as need-based scholarships (up to $10,000 per year, renewable).
  
  For information and application, visit http://www.uncf.org/internships or call toll-free 1-866-671-7237.

   

• Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University
  Program for Women in Mathematics
  May 12-23, 2008
  
  This program brings research mathematicians together with undergraduate and graduate students for an intensive 10-day workshop on the campus of the Institute for Advanced Study. The program includes lectures and seminars on a focused topic, mentoring, discussions on peer relations, and introduction to career opportunities. The program is designed to bring students in contact with women who are postdoctoral scholars and active professional mathematicians, and to encourage women to further their mathematics eduation by offering deep mathematical content as well as extensive mentoring opportunities. Student and mentors take part in the life of the Institute for Advanced Study and have the opportunity to meet other mathematicians in residence here and at Princeto University. All participants receive support for lodging, meals and transportation. Please visit the Program for Women in Mathematics website for additional information and application forms. Please call 609-734-8115, or email Women's Program if you have any questions. Application deadline: February 23, 2008.

 

• Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM), University of California, Los Angeles
  Research in Industrial Projects for Students ("RIPS")
  June 22 - August 22, 2008
  
  The Research in Industrial Projects (RIPS) Program provides an opportunity for high-achieving undergraduate students to work in teams on a real-world research project proposed by a sponsor from industry or a national lab. RIPS recruits its students from all over the world. Each RIPS team is comprised of four students, a faculty mentor, and an industrial sponsor. The research problem is developed by the industrial sponsor in consultation with IPAM; it is always a real problem of serious interest to the sponsor and that offers a stimulating challenge to students. The students, with direction from their faculty mentor and industrial sponsor, spend nine weeks learning about the problem, mastering the latest analytical approaches and techniques to solve it, and developing report-writing and public-speaking skills to be able to make professional presentations about the progress and results of their work to a scientific audience. Industry mentors provide regular contact between the team and the sponsor, monitoring and helping to guide student work. Ultimately, RIPS provides valuable real-world technical and managerial experience for students as well as valuable R&D for sponsors.
  
  Projects are selected to have a major mathematical component and to be something that will pose an interesting challenge to talented undergraduates. Recent projects have included how to do a physics-based animation of a lava lamp, how to stitch together two images, how to analyze cancer data using microarrays, statistical data assimilation methods for weather data, modeling particle transport phenomena in reactors, and designing missions to the moons of Jupiter. This is just a sampling of the types of projects assigned to RIPS teams. New industrial sponsors join the RIPS Program each year and the same projects are never repeated.
  
  Please visit the IPAM website to view comments from recent RIPS students, descriptions of recent projects, and for an online application. Applications are due February 15, 2008.

 

• Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM), University of California, Los Angeles
  Summer School 2008: Mathematics in Brain Imaging
  July 14 - 25, 2008
  
  This two-week intensive workshop will focus on mathematical techniques applied to brain images to measure, map and model brain structure and function. Topics will range from modeling anatomical structures in MRI scans, and mapping connectivity in diffusion tensor images, to statistical analysis of functional brain images from fMRI, EEG, and MEG. Current applications in radiology and neuroscience will be highlighted, as will new directions in the mathematics of structural and functional image analysis. In the second week on Functional Brain Mapping, a series of lectures on diffusion tensor imaging will discuss mathematics and tools for registration, segmentation, fiber tracking and connectivity modeling in tensor and "beyond-tensor" (high-angular resolution) diffusion images, using metrics on Riemannian manifolds. Software implementing a wide range of algorithms will be demonstrated; tutorial notes will be provided. Talks will interest newcomers as well as experts in the field. Morning lectures on the principles behind the methods; afternoon lectures will go in-depth into applications. 
  
  Applications are due April 1. For more information, visit Summer School: Mathematics in Brain Imaging.
 

 

• International Research Experiences for Students in Mathematics
  USA - Brasil
  
  The goal of this program is to foster interactions between American and Brazilian students, by providing students with meaningful experiences in mathematical research. It is organized as a Research Experience for Undergraduates Institute, but it differs from the traditional REU by gathering not only undergraduate students, but students in transition to a graduate program and beginning graduate students.
  
  We make the necessary travel arrangements for the trip to Brazil. Participants have travel expenses covered (air fare, lodging, visa, health insurance) and receive a stipend. Each participant is responsible for acquiring a valid passport and for obtaining a visa. To complement the research experience, we organize enrichment activities, as well as cultural and recreational field trips. Activities are conducted in English and no prior knowledge of Portuguese is necessary. The two previous IRES program in Brazil took place at UNICAMP and USP-Sao Carlos. Please visit IRES 2006 and IRES 2007 to review this program. You can find out more about other USA-BRAZIL collaboration programs visiting 2003 REU in Rio de Janeiro and 2004 REU at UNICAMP, Campinas, SP. For information on this year program and to download an application, visit IRES 2008. For any program related question contact M. Helena Noronha. This program is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Applicants must be US citizens or permanent residents.

   

• Johns Hopkins Center for Language and Speech Processing (CLSP)
  Summer Workshop on Language Engineering
  June 23 - August 15, 2008
  
  The Center for Language and Speech Processing at Johns Hopkins University is seeking members of the current junior class to participate in a summer workshop on language engineering.
  
  The eight-week workshop provides a vigorously stimulating and enriching intellectual environment that will encourage students to pursue graduate study in the field of human language technologies. No limitation is placed on the undergraduate major. Only relevant skills, employment experience, past academic record and strength of letters of recommendation will be considered. Highlights include:
  • An opportunity to expore an exciting new area of research
  • A two-week tutorial on speech and language technology
  • Mentoring by an experienced researcher
  • Use of a computer workstation throughout the workshop
  • A $5000 stipend and $2520 towards per diem expenses
  • Private furnished accommodation for the duration of the workshop
  • Travel expenses to and from the workshop venue
  • Participation in project planning activities
  
  
  Application forms are available at The Johns Hopkins CLSP website and will only be accepted electronically. Applications must be received by February 22, 2008.

 

• Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth
  Mathematics and Computer Science Teaching Opportunities
  
  We are seeking enthusiastic math and computer science instructors and teaching assistants to instruct in our summer programs for gifted elementary, middle, and high school students. CTY offers intense, 3-week academic programs for highly talented students from across the country and around the world.
  
  Where: Residential site locations around the country: California, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Day site locations in the Baltimore-Washington and Los Angeles areas. We also have programs in Mexico, Spain, and China.
  
  When: Session 1: June 26-July 19
  Session 2: July 19-August 9
  Instructors and teaching assistants can work one or two sessions.
  
  CTY staff work with exceptional students, make contacts and friendships with dynamic colleagues, and gain valuable teaching experience in a rigorous academic setting. Courses include geometry, problem solving & reasoning, applications & modeling, cryptology, probability and game theory, number theory, introduction to robotics, and fundamentals of computer science. For a complete list of history courses, including course descriptions and sample syllabi, please visit http://cty.jhu.edu/summer/employment/math_cs.html.
  
  Salary: Instructors start at $2,100 to $3,000 per 3-week session.
  Teaching assistants earn $1,100 per 3-week session.
  Room and board is provided at our residential sites.
  To download an application and learn more about the programs and sites, visit http://cty.jhu.edu/summer/employment. If you are interested in being considered for a position, email your resume to Carlos Rodriguez.

   

• Kitt Peak National Observatory Research Experience for Undergraduates
  
  Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) has six research assistant positions for the summer of 2008 through the NSF-funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Program. The KPNO REU program provides an exceptional opportunity for undergraduates considering a career in science to engage in substantive research activities with scientists working in the forefront of contemporary astrophysics.
  
  Each REU student is hired as a full-time research assistant to work on specific aspects of major ongoing research projects at the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), which include the origin, nature and evolution of stars, galaxies and stellar systems, observational cosmology, analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images, and cometary studies. As part of their research activities, REU students gain first-hand experience with KPNO's state-of-the-art telescopes and develop expertise in astronomical data reduction and analysis.
  
  Participants must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States. The positions are full-time for 10 to 12 weeks between June and August, with a preferred starting date in early June. A salary of $600 per week and funds to cover travel to and from Tucson are provided. Completed applications including applicant information, official transcripts, and two or three letters of recommendation are to be submitted no later than Wednesday, January 30, 2008.
  
  Information and application forms can be obtained from the NOAO Web page.

 

• Lafayette College Mathematics REU
  June 9 - August 1, 2008
  
  Lafayette College (Easton, Pennsylvania) offers an intensive eight-week summer research experience in which undergraduates investigate open problems in mathematics. Over the past n years, more than 8n students have participated in the program (where the value of n increases every year, usualy by 1), working in small groups directed by individual faculty members. Most students who have participated have published papers in professional journals and presented talks on their summer research at national mathematics conferences.
  
  Participants must be US citizens or permanent residents, and must be enrolled in an undergraduate program. The stipend for participants is $3200. Application information is available at the Lafayette Math REU website. Deadline for application is February 29, 2008.

 

• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
  Summer Internship Opportunities
  
  The Seaborg Institute in the Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate (CMELS) sponsors outstanding students motivated to experience and get a close look at how "big science" is performed at a national laboratory. If you are an outstanding graduate or upper division undergraduate student and want to get paid to spend your summer doing hands-on, cutting-edge science in the following subjects, this may be the program for you. Research areas are:
  • Chemistry and chemical sciences - organic/inorganic synthetic, analytical, computational, nuclear, and isotope chemistry
  • Biology and biotechnology - genome biology, computational biology, molecular toxicology, host-pathogen, genetics, microbial systems, bio-aerosal detection, biomedical applications
  • Earth and atmospheric sciences - climate/carbon science, atmospheric studies, geochemistry, geophysics, contaminant fate and transport
  • Materials science - theory, simulation and modeling, synthesis and processing, materials under extreme conditions, dynamic materials science, metallurgy, nuclear fuels, optical materials, and surface science
  
  Students must be enrolled full-time at the time of application and continuing their education in the fall after the internship. Selection will be made on the basis of the applicant's academic record, aptitude, research interests, and the recommendations of instructors. Strong preference will be given to students with truly exceptional academic records and potential for making outstanding contributions to applied science. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. Although a few foreign national students may be selected, preference is given to U.S. citizens.
  
  Internships generally run 8-10 weeks. Students are paid a competitive salary, and travel expenses will be reimbursed based on Laboratory guidelines. While at the LLNL, interns are encouraged to attend seminars on various research topics of interest by experts at LLNL. At the end of their term, students will present their research at a poster session. Living accommodations and arrangements are the responsibility of the intern. The LLNL Housing Office provides listings of short- and long-term rental accommodations. Feel free to search our web site to become familiar with the ongoing research in CMELS. To apply, please select one of the research areas above. Deadline for applications is March 7, 2008 You can apply via the web at the LLNL Summer Institute website or contact Nancy Hutcheon or Camille Vandermeer for more information.

 

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center
  Summer Institute on Atmospheric, Biospheric, and Hydrospheric Sciences
  
  This program is designed to introduce undergraduate students majoring in all areas of the physical sciences to research opportunities in the atmospheric, biospheric, hydrospheric, and solar and space plasma sciences, both theoretical and experimental. No previous experience in these sciences is needed. The program is directed primarily at undergraduates who are in their Junior year at the time of application. However, all undergraduates, who are currently enrolled in a U.S. college or university, are eligible, provided they are also U.S. Citizens or holders of a Green Card indicating their intention of becoming a citizen.
  
  he first part of the program is a 1-week lecture series on selected topics in the atmospheric, biospheric, hydrospheric, and solar and space plasma sciences. The lecture series will cover suggested areas of research in these sciences and will be given primarily by Goddard scientists. The lecture series will be followed by 9 weeks of research by the students, with a Goddard scientist as a mentor. The students will be at the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, during this 10-week period. Housing is provided at the nearby University of Maryland. Participants in the program receive a stipend of $3,500, housing, and the expenses of economy travel. The program must be completed to receive the total amount of the grant. To complete the program, both an oral report and a written report of your individual research effort will be required.
  
  There is no formal application form. Submit your application in the form of a letter containing the following:
  • Full name
  • Address and phone number at school
  • E-mail address
  • Permanent address and phone number
  • Current grade level and grade point average
  • Major field
  • Social security number
  • A one page typewritten statement of your professional goals and interests
  • A description of computer programming and laboratory experience, if any
  • Citizenship
  • The names of two faculty members who know your work well and have been asked to provide letters of reference
  • A transcript of college courses and grades
  
  Transcripts and letters of reference must be sent directly by the university and faculty members to
  Dr. Per Gloersen, Coordinator Summer Institute 2008
  Code 614.1
  NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
  Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001
  
  For more information, check the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center website.

 

• National Science Foundation
  East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes
  
  These institutes are for U.S. graduate students pursuing careers in science and engineering. Targeted majors include
  • Biological Sciences
  • Computer and Information Science and Engineering
  • Education (Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology)
  • Engineering
  • Geosciences
  • Mathematical and Physical Sciences
  • Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences
  • Multidisciplinary Research
  
  These summer research opportunities are fully funded and an excellent way to gain a competitive edge toward graduate school. Anyone interested is encouraged to apply. For more information on the program, please visit the NSF East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes website.
  
  Application deadline: December 12, 2007.
  Email eapinfo@nsf.gov.

 

• National Science Foundation
  Science & Technology Centers
  Summer Internship Programs
  
  The National Science Foundation Science & Technology Centers (STCs) offer summer internships at each of the 17 centers, located at prestigious universities around the United States. These summer internships provide undergraduates an opportunity to conduct research in a "graduate school" setting in the following fields: 1) biological sciences, 2) computer and information sciences, 3) engineering, 4) geosciences, and 5) mathematical and physical sciences.
  
  The NSF Science & Technology Centers (STCs) Undergraduate Research Experience is an excellent opportunity to gain hands-on research experience in a cutting edge field. There are 17 STCs, located at prestigious universities around the United States. Each center has a specific research focus, but as a whole, our programs focus on such fields as the biological sciences, computer and information sciences, engineering, geosciences, and mathematical and physical sciences.
  
  As an STC Undergraduate Scholar, your summer research experience will last eight to ten weeks. If chosen, your award will cover cost of transportation to the STC, stipend, room and board, and participation in STC planned events. Although your research will be conducted at one of the STCs, you will be a part of a unique national scientific community consisting of undergraduates, faculty, and graduate students. During your summer internship, you will be exposed to professional development, technical, and academic seminars. Depending upon the nature of your research, your experience will culminate in the development of a scientific paper, poster, and/or presentation. You will learn a lot, grow your skills, and gain competitive advantage. As an STC Undergraduate Scholar, you will also be required to have a lot of fun!
  
  For more information on the program, please visit the NSF/STC website.

 

• National Security Agency (NSA)
  Director's Summer Program
  
  The Director's Summer Program (DSP) is the National Security Agency's premier outreach to the nation's most outstanding undergraduate mathematics majors. Each summer they invite about two dozen exceptional students to collaborate with each other and with NSA mathematicians on problems critical to the intelligence gathering and information assurance missions of the agency. Admission to the 12-week program is hghly competitive. Applicants should have a demonstrated superior mathematical aptitude. A full year of abstract algebra and analysis are recommended. Some computer experience is desirable, particularly with C or C++, and mathematical software packages.
  
  DSP participants work on a wide range of problems in mathematics, cryptology, and communications technology. These problems often involve applications of abstract algebra, geometry, number theory, probability, statistics, combinatorics, grph theory, algorithms, computer science, and analysis.
  
  Because of the lenghty processing required, the deadline for applications is 15 October each year. To apply, students should send a resume, at least two letters of recommendation from faculty members familiar with their technical work, and current transcripts. A list of courses which will have been completed by the end of the academic year should also be included. Send information to:
  
  National Security Agency
  ATTN: R1 (DSP) Suite 6515
  Fort George G. Meade, MD 20755-6515

   

• Nebraska IMMERSE
  Intensive Mathematics: A Mentoring, Education and Research Summer Experience
  
  IMMERSE assists students in making the transition from undergraduate to graduate study. The core of the program consists of two courses, one in analysis and one in algebra, with a special emphasis on learning how to read research papers.
  
  The program is limited to 16 participants. They receive room, board, travel support, and a $3000 stipend. IMMERSE is funded by a grant from the NSF's EMSW21 program.
  
  Participants must be U.S. citizens, nationals, or permanent residents, and must have the intent to enroll in a graduate program in mathematics (in which the Ph.D. degree is offered) for fall 2007 semester. Applications can be downloaded at the IMMERSE website.

   

• Nebraska REU in Applied Mathematics
  University of Nebraska, Lincoln
  
  The Nebraska REU in Applied Mathematics is an eight-week summer research opportunity for ten students offered by the Department of Mathematics at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln under a grant from the National Science Foundation. UNL is the state's major research university, and the Department of Mathematics has major research groups in applied mathematics, algebra and analysis and a national reputation for excellence in education.
  
  The three general research areas for summer 2006 are differential/difference equations on time scales, effects of cannibalism on ecosystems, and the spreading of information and social interactions.
  
  Eligible students should be U.S. citizens or permanent residents enrolled in an undergraduate program during the period of the REU with at least sophomore standing, and have strong mathematics recommendations. The stipend is $2,600 plus up to $400 for travel. Room and board are provided on campus in the Honors Program Resident Hall.
  
  All qualified and interested students are encouraged to apply. The application deadline is TBA (applications accepted until all positions are filled; early acceptance possible). You'll find more information at the UNL REU website.

 

• North Carolina State University
  Institute for Mathematics
  
  The Institute for Mathematics at North Carolina State University (IM@STATE) Summer Programs to be held in Raleigh, North Carolina from May 26 - August 1, 2008.  The IM@STATE at North Carolina State University is a dynamic environment where young mathematicians engage in exciting and challenging research projects. The program includes three major components: REU in Mathematics, which focuses on "Modeling and Industrial Applied Mathematics", Research and Enrichment Experience for Under-represented Undergraduate Students (REU+), and Research Experience for Early Graduate Students (REG). Teams of 3-4 students work collaboratively on projects with links to industry and government labs. Depending on the program, a variety of stipends, travel funds, and room and board are available.
  
  Projects include optimal design of electron beam guns, cardiac modeling, modeling of traffic congestion and mass evacuations, data mining and clustering algorithms, cell rearrangements, modeling of viscoelastic, properties in arteries, and menstrual cycle modeling.
  
  How to apply:
  Processing of applications begins March 1, 2008. Application forms and information about the programs may be found at the NC State REU website.

 

• Northern Arizona University
  Research Experience for Undergraduates
  
  This REU is an opportunity for six undergraduates to visit NAU to work one-on-one with NAU faculty. The three faculty participating in the 2008 program are Dr. Jim Swift, Dr. Michael Falk and Dr. Steve Wilson.
  
  Students will spend 8 weeks on the NAU campus (June 2 to July 25, 2008). As well as conducting their own research will attend seminars given by NAU faculty and by external visitors.
  
  Each participant will receive lodging in an on-campus dormitory, a $2,500 stipend, travel reimbursement, and a small allowance for food. Six semester credits will be earned at NAU, which can be transferred to the participant's home institution.
  
  Participants must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S., and should expect to graduate in Fall 2008 or Spring 2009. Women and minorities are strongly encouraged to apply.
  
  Plese visit the NAU REU home page or contact the Program Director for more information.

   

• Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
  DHS HS-STEM Summer Internship Program
  
  Apply now for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) HS-STEM Summer Internship Program that will support students during summer 2008.
  
  This program provides 10-week summer internships at federal research facilities for undergraduate students majoring in homeland security related science, technology, engineering and mathematics (HS-STEM) disciplines. Students receive a $500/week stipend and travel reimbursement.
  
  Complete information is available online at
  
  www.orau.gov/dhsinternships
  
  The deadline for submitting an application is December 14, 2007.
  
  Questions regarding the DHS HS-STEM Summer Internship Program can be sent via e-mail todhsed@orau.org.

   

• Oregon State University
  Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program in Pure and Applied Mathematics
  June 23 - August 15, 2008
  
  Funding for this summer REU is provided by the National Science Foundation and Oregon State University. The purpose of the program is to give motivated, talented students an opportunity to learn the process of doing mathematical research and to learn more about mathematics as a discipline and profession. Students spend a large portion of their time working on research projects. A few students come with their own project, but most work on projects suggested by the staff. Often students work jointly on a project, and students are encouraged to assist with each other's projects. We view computers as valuable experimental tools in mathematics, but our final goal is always to give a proof or mathematical explanation of patterns observed.
  
  Participants receive a total of $2,500 as a stipend, and $1250 as a travel/housing allowance. In addition, 12 units of academic credit (quarter system) are earned.
  
  Application deadline: February 20, 2008. For more information and application forms, visit Oregon State REU.

 

• Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
  NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates
  June 7 - August 1, 2008
  
  The program will introduce eight undergraduate mathematics students to the world of doing mathematical research, both on their own and in collaboration with others. Participants will use undergraduate mathematics as well as computer software such as Matlab and Maple to discover secrets hidden in problems inside computational number theory and geometric analysis.
  
  Participants:
  
  
  • must be citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. or its possessions.
  • must be full-time undergraduate mathematics majors as of September 2007.
  • must devote their full time to the program and not engage in any other course work or employment during the program.
  • should have some background in either analysis or differential equations (vector analysis, real analysis, complex analysis, differential equations) for the project in geometric analysis or inverse problems
  • should have some experience in using a high level mathematical package or programming language.
  • will be selected on the basis of demonstrated mathematical creativity, motivation, and good work habits as well as meeting the above requirements, as determined from the application materials and recommendation letters.
  
  
  Financial support includes $3100 for eight weeks, on-campus housing provided, meal allowance, and travel funds up to $400 per participant, provided as needed. Applications are available at the Rose-Hulman REU website. Application deadline is February 29, 2007.

 

• SUNY Potsdam and Clarkson University
  Undergraduate Research Experience
  
  SUNY Potsdam and Clarkson University invite applications for their joint Research Experience for Undergraduates program. Topics include group theory, graph and knot theory, and analysis. Students work in groups of four with a faculty advisor. The program is conducted on the campus of SUNY Potsdam, with the computing and library resources of nearby Clarkson University also available.
  
  Applicants should be full-time undergraduate students as of September 2006. They should have completed the calculus sequence, linear algebra, and at least one more upper-level undergraduate mathematics course. Applicants must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States or its possessions. Applications from women and minorities are strongly encouraged.
  
  Participants receive a $3200 stipend plus a free dormitory room. You'll find application forms and information at the Clarkson REU website or email foisyjs@potsdam.edu for more information.

 

• UCLA Math Summer Session
  
  The University of California, Los Angeles, offers a variety of lower and upper division math courses in a condensed 8-week format. Campus parking and on-campus housing are available. Registration and course fees are the same for California and non-California residents.
  
  Course offerings include calculus, linear algebra, combinatorics, analysis, complex analysis, ODEs, PDEs, mathematical modeling, applied numerical methods, optimization, game theory, actuarial mathematics, and mathematics of finance.
  
  For more information, visit the UCLA summer session website.

 

• University of California, Santa Barbara
  The UCSB Academic Research Consortium (ARC)
  The UCSB Graduate Research Internship Program (GRIP)
  
  These are summer research internships for students who are working in disciplines in the sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Both internships are eight-week intensives that provide housing, food allowances, and generous stipends for the duration of the program, which runs from June 23 through August 15, 2008.
  
  Following are brief descriptions of each program; the two programs are essentially the same, except that the ARC program has a special provision for CSU Pre-Doctoral Scholars. Detailed information may be found on our website (links below).
  • The UCSB Academic Research Consortium (ARC)
    ARC is an eight-week summer research program for undergraduates just completing their junior year, and for CSU Pre-Doctoral Scholars. ARC participants assist a UCSB Faculty member with graduate-level research projects, and participate in a variety of activities designed to develop skills necessary for success at the graduate level, from funding workshops and writing classes to GRE prep and career guidance. The goal of ARC is to prepare outstanding students for graduate study. ARC is funded by the Graduate Division of the University of California, Santa Barbara. More information and application form available online. ARC: http://www.graddiv.ucsb.edu/diversityoutreach/arc
  • The UCSB Graduate Research Internship Program (GRIP)
    provides undergraduate and graduate students in the sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics with training and skills to effectively compete for doctoral programs and post-doctoral research opportunities. In addition to mentored work in the research laboratory, each student completes an independent project (e.g. a proposal, a publication, a literature review) as agreed upon by student and mentor. GRIP is funded by the National Science Foundation AGEP program, a partnership between the National Science Foundation and the University of California that works to increase the number of minority students earning doctorates in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Particular emphasis is placed on supporting groups that historically have been underrepresented in STEM disciplines: African Americans, Alaskan Natives, American Indians, Hispanic Americans and Native Pacific Islanders. More information and application form available online. GRIP: http://www.graddiv.ucsb.edu/diversityoutreach/grip
  
  Deadline for applications: February 1, 2008.

   

• University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie-Mellon
  Summer Undergraduate Research Program for Underrepresented Students
  
  This is a 10 week summer research and professional development program for underrepresented minority students interested in careers as physician scientists. The program is designed for students in their freshman, sophomore or junior years of college. Students receive intensive research laboratory experience and abundant mentorship. In addition, students participate in a variety of career development programs, scientific seminars, and specific career enhancement opportunities including preparation for national examinations. The brochure and application are available online at: program brochure.
  
  You can also call their office at 412.648.2324 or send email if you have any questions.

 

• University of Texas
  Biomedical Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (B-SURE)
  
  This program offers summer support to students currently in engineering, mathematics, computer, physical, or chemical science tracks to explore the wealth of opportunities provided in the biomedical sciences.  Candidates may choose to work with any of the approximately thirty mentors in eight departments within the Health Science Center.
  
  The program runs for ten weeks (early June through mid August). The program is full-time and pays a stipend of at least $3000 with additional allowance for travel and housing costs for non-local students. Accommodations will be arranged within walking distance of the campus.
  
  A variety of enrichment activities will also be organized, such as:
  
  • Short courses on current topics in biotechnology and biomedical applications
  • A seminar series geared toward career opportunities
  • Field trips to local research facilities that illustrate the multiple applicaitons of biomedical research
  
  For more information, visit the B-SURE website, or call Anna Uriegas at (210) 567-3769. Applications for 2008 are due March 14, 2008.

   

• University of West Georgia
  2007 REU Program
  June 4 - July 27, 2007
  
  The purpose of this program is to provide eight talented and motivated students with an introduction to mathematical research and the opportunity to become researchers themselves. The students will be introduced to a variety of tools, techniques, and interesting problems from the areas of combinatorial number theory, combinatorics, and graph theory. All problems will be open research problems - problems that the faculty research directors know to be still unsolved. Once per week, the students will attend a research talk presented by a research mathematician. They will also participate in meetings and have the opportunity to present their work.
  
  Participants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and should be returning to their undergraduate institutions for at least one semester. Women and minority students are strongly encouraged to apply. Participants receive a $3200 stipend, a generous meal plan, on-campus housing, and travel support.
  
  To be guaranteed full consideration, complete applications must be submitted by March 14, 2008. Students can apply online. For more information about the program and application materials, please visit the webpage:   http://www.westga.edu/~math/REU2007/

 

• Wabash Summer Institute in Mathematics (WSIM)
  June 2 - July 25, 2008
  
  The Wabash Summer Institute in Mathematics is hosted by Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana. WSIM is an eight-week research experience in abstract algebra and applied mathematics for undergraduates. Participants will explore three diverse areas in abstract algebra or applied mathematics and conduct original research in small teams in one of these areas. In addition, participants will engage in seminars designed to investigate the ethics of research. Select participants will present their results at the Joint Mathematical Meetings in Washington D.C. in January of 2009.
  
  WSIM is open to undergraduates who have coursework in mathematics compatible with the project area of their choice. Students wishing to work in one of the two abstract algebra groups oght to have at least one course in abstract algebra as well as some knowledge of ring theory. Students wishing to work in the applied mathematics group ought to have taken a course in differential equations and a beginning course in programming and/or computer science. Participants must be citizens or permanent residents of the United States or its possessions. WSIM is interested in attracting a broad and diverse group of participants with an emphasis on students from smaller colleges and universities. Female, minority and disabled students are especially encouraged to apply. Deadline for application: February 29, 2008.
  
  Participants receive a stipend of $3600 for the eight weeks and free lodging. In addition, travel expensesto and from Wabash College will be provided. A complete application consists of:
  • A letter of interest
  • A current undergraduate transcript
  • Two letters of recommendation
  • A document containing your name, email, home address, college address, expected graduation date, a description of topics covered in your abstract algebra course(s), a list of computer programs with which you are proficient, and a list of honors and awards
  
  Please send your application to:
  WSIM c/o Professor Mike Axtell
  Wabash College
  P.O. Box 352
  Crawfordsville, IN 47933-0352

   

• Willamette Valley REU
  June 16 - August 8, 2008
  
  The Willamette Valley Consortium for Mathematics Research is an 8-week summer research experience for undergraduate math students. The four consortium schools each host a research team of four undergraduates, one teacher, and two faculty mentors. Each team will focus on a project from faculty research interests in graph theory, probability theory, wavelet analysis and statistical approaches to the game of Go. All four teams will gather for informal and formal talks about projects, presentations by invited speakers on mathematics and careers, and social activities. This REU-RET is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
  
  
  • $2700 stipend for students
  • Travel allowance provided
  • Accommodations provided
  
  
  For more information and the online application please visit Willamette Valley REU-RET website or email reu-ret@willamette.edu.
  Application Due: February 22, 2008.