Carl G. Hempel, "Studies in the Logic of Explanation"
1.According to Hempel, to explain an event is to:
- (a) subsume it under a ceteris paribus law
- (b) reduce the unfamiliar to the familiar
- (c) subsume it under a causal law
- (d) none of the above
2. According to Hempel, the explanans of an explanation has
"empirical content" if it:
- (a) is true
- (b) contains only analytic statements
- (c) contains at least one statement which is capable of test by
experiment or observation
- (d) none of the above
3. According to Hempel, a necessary logical condition for an
explanation to be sound is that the explanans:
- (a) contain sentences which are confirmed by all the relevant
evidence available
- (b) contain sentences which are not laws
- (c) contain sentences which are testable by experiment or
observation
- (d) none of the above
4. According to Hempel, for an explanation to be sound the
explanans must:
- (a) contain statements which express antecedent conditions
- (b) have empirical content
- (c) contain only analytic statements
- (d) all of the above
5. According to Hempel, an explanation is "incomplete" or
inadequate if:
- (a) the explanandum could have been predicted given the explanans
- (b) the explanandum is not true
- (c) the explanans contains only lawlike statements
- (d) none of the above
6. According to Hempel, causal laws are laws which:
- (a) assert ceteris paribus connections between events
- (b) assert probable correlations between events
- (c) assert statistical correlations between events
- (d) assert unexceptional correlations between events
7. According to Hempel, explanation in the non-physical sciences:
- (a) is quite different from explanation in the physical sciences
- (b) is essentially non-causal in type
- (c) involves no reference to antecedent conditions and general
laws
- (d) none of the above
8. According to Hempel, "motivational" explanations:
- (a) are a type of causal explanations
- (b) are definitively not causal explanations
- (c) are non-causal teleological explanations
- (d) are anthropomorphic in character
9. According to Hempel, scientific explanations provide:
- (a) understanding in the psychological sense of a feeling of
empathy
- (b) understanding in the cognitive sense
- (c) a reduction of the unfamiliar to the familiar
- (d) all of the above
10. According to Hempel, the class of lawlike statements contains:
- (a) only statements which have empirical content
- (b) only general laws
- (c) only true statements
- (d) some analytic general statements
11. According to Hempel, a statement is a law only if :
- (a) it has empirical content
- (b) it is not a conditional statement
- (c) it is analytic
- (d) none of the above
12. According to Hempel, all lawlike statements are:
- (a) analytic
- (b) unrestricted in scope
- (c) true
- (d) none of the above
13. According to Hempel, a statement is unrestricted in scope if
it:
- (a) contains no predicates whose statement of meaning requires
implicit or explicit reference to specific objects
- (b) supports counterfactual conditionals
- (c) makes implicit or explicit reference to specific objects
- (d) is derived from a fundamental law
14. According to Hempel, fundamental lawlike sentences must:
- (a) be universal in form
- (b) be unrestricted in scope
- (c) make no reference to specific objects or spatio-temporal
location
- (d) all of the above
ANSWERS
