1. Inderscience journals use the Harvard (name and date) short reference system for citations in the text with a detailed alphabetical list at the end of the paper. For example "Hamel (2000) suggests ...." or "Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) found that ....." or "Studies of information system quality (Summer, Nelson and Winter, 1982; Li, Du and Yen, 2004) have shown that ....." For four or more authors, "Li et al. (2005) show...." or "A study of information security (Li et al., 2005) reveals...."
2. Footnotes should be avoided, but any short, succinct notes making a specific point, may be placed in number order following the alphabetical list of references.
3. References should be made only to works that are published, accepted for publication (not merely "submitted"), or available through libraries or institutions. Any other source should be qualified by a note regarding availability.
4. Full reference should include all authors' names and initials, date of publication, title of paper, title of publication (italics), volume and issue number (of a journal), publisher and form (books, conference proceedings), page numbers.

Articles:

Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. and Warshaw, P.R. (1989) 'User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models', Management Science, Vol. 35, No. 8, pp. 982-1003.

Knights, D. and McCabe, D. (1996) ' "A bridge too far?": consistent quality initiatives in financial services', The TQM Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 51-55

Aiken, K.D., Liu, B.S., Mackoy, R.D. and Osland, G.E. (2004) 'Building internet trust: signaling through trustmarks', International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 251-267.

Tsang, E.W.K. (1995) 'The implementation of technology transfer in Sino-foreign joint ventures', International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 10, Nos. 7/8, pp. 757-66.

Book:

Rosenberg, N. (1976) Perspectives of Technology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Edited book:

Li, E.Y. and Du, T.C., (eds.) (forthcoming) Advances in Electronic Business, Volume 1 (Collaborative Commerce), Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA.

Translated book:

Laplace, P.-S. (1951) A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities (F.W. Truscott and F.L. Emory, Trans.), Dover, New York. (Original work published in 1814.)

Book chapter:

Kogut, B. (1991) 'Designing global strategies: comparative and competitive value-added chains', in H.V. Wortzel and L.H. Wortzel (eds.), Strategic Management of Multinational Enterprise: The Essentials, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 100-115.

Pinchot, G.and Pinchot, E. (1996) 'This rise and fall of bureaucracy', in G. Pinchot and E. Pinchot (eds.), The End of Bureaucracy and the rise of Intelligent Organizations, Berret-Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, pp. 200-215. (Reprinted in P.S. Myers (ed.) (1996) Knowledge Management and Organizational Design, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, pp. 39-53.)

Book review:

Schatz, B. R. (2000) 'Learning by text or context?', [Review of the book The Social Life of Information], Science, Vol. 290, p. 1304.

Article/Book/Report without author:

Hong Kong Monetary Authority (1999) Annual Reports, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), P.R.C.

Merriam-Webster (1993) Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (10th ed.), Merriam-Webster, Springfield, MA.

Washington Post (1993) 'New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure', The Washington Post, July 15, p. A12.

E-mail / Personal communication:

L. A. Chafez (personal communication, March 28, 1997).

Internet homepage:

Balseiro, A., Selas, I. and Kotzrincker, J. (2000) 'Banca online', El Estado de la Cuestión, 25 November, http://www.baquia.com/com/20001016/art00010.html

O'ullivan, O. (2000) 'Net banks: more dream than reality', US Banker, February. http://www.us-banker.com

Internet homepage without author:

Pew Internet and America Life Project (2001) 'Hispanics and the Internet', 18 September, http://www.pewinternet.org

Proceedings:

Zhang, Q. and Cao, M. (2001) 'Human-machine Web interface design for electronic commerce: a review of design perspectives, objectives, dimensions, and techniques', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Electronic Business (ICEB 2001), Hong Kong, pp. 404-405.