Nature of critical thinking. Analysis of inductive and deductive arguments. Practice in the criticism and composing of arguments in English. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: ENGL 114.

The nature of deductive logical systems. Methods of notation, translation and proof in the sentential, predicate and relational calculi including indirect and conditional methods of proof. 4 lectures. Prerequisite: ENGL 125 or PHIL 125 or SPC 125.

Readings of various philosophic classics with focus on the identification and evaluation of the central metaphysical and epistemological themes. Various major arguments through a case mode presentation. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: ENGL 125 or PHIL 125 or SPC 125.

Readings with focus on the identification and evaluation of the central themes of ethics, social and political philosophy. Various major arguments through a case mode presentation. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: ENGL 125 or PHIL 125 or SPC 125.

Beginnings of Western philosophy and science. Presocratics, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Greek philosophies in the Roman world. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Development of Western philosophy from Augustine to Ockham, including the philosophies of Anselm, Abelard, Roger Bacon, Bonaventure, Aquinas and Duns Scotus. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Development of Western philosophy from the Renaissancethrough Leibnitz with special emphasis upon the philosophies of the Continental Rationalists. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Development of Western philosophy from the Renaissance through Mill with special emphasis upon the philosophies of the British Empiricists. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Primary issues and concepts found in German philosophy from 1780 to 1900, with emphasis on Kant, Hegel, and Nietzsche. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Recent movements within the Continental tradition, including French and German existentialism, phenomenology, and post-metaphysical philosophy. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Distinctly Anglo-American philosophical movements of the twentieth century including pragmatism, realism, relativism, positivism, and various schools of analytic philosophy. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Philosophies developed in India, South Asia, China, and Japan, including the logical and epistemological presuppositions of the Six Schools of Hindu metaphysics; the Six Schools of Chinese philosophy; Confucian moral philosophy and Taoist social ecology. 3 lectures Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Methods of physics, biology, psychology and other selected sciences, with reference to their presuppositions and general findings. Relations between the sciences and implications of scientific methods for other fields of inquiry. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Inquiry into the problems of the principles of right action and justice, of moral character and motivation, and of the good life. Examination of traditional and contemporary answers to these problems and the implications of those answers. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

History of ethics from the Greeks to the 20th Century. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Philosophic foundations of political ideologies. Freedom, state, law, obligation, sanction, and their relation to metaphysics, theory of knowledge, and ethics. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Normative and analytic questions about law. Nature of law and legal systems. Justification of law. Moral obligation to obey the law. Nature and justification of punishment. Guilt and legal responsibility. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Critical examination of ethical problems connected to issues of social justice for ethnic minorities in contemporary American society. These issues include racial and sexual discrimination, racial and sexual harassment, preferential hiring, and the relation of capital punishment to ethnicity. Related individual rights and public policy issues will also be examined. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Critical examination of the relation of gender to moral reasoning and to ethical problems in contemporary American society. Joint focus on theory and application. Consideration given to the connection of gender to race and power, including African-American women's perspectives. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 231.

Critical examination of ethical problems arising in business. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Critical examination of ethical problems arising in biology, biotechnology and medicine. Concepts of health and disease, ethical issues of human experimentation, informed consent, behavior control, genetic intervention, new birth technologies. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Ethical analysis of various positions on the status of non-human entities and the most reasonable approaches to environmental problems such as pollution, species preservation, global warming and others. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Inquiry into the nature of religious experience and claims, naturalism and supernaturalism, arguments for the existence of God, the problem of evil, miracles, revelation, faith, human nature and destiny, verification and refutation of religious claims. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Critical examination of philosophical views of art from Plato through Kant to Collingwood and Dewey. Special emphasis given to the relationship among art, truth and reality, and to the nature of aesthetic experience. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Critical examination of philosophical issues related to art, with emphasis on problems affecting aesthetics with the rise of modern art. Topics covered include the problem of defining art, the problem of determining standards for interpreting art, and the relation of aesthetic values to moral, social and political values. 3 lectures. Prerequisite: PHIL 230 or PHIL 231.

Individual investigation, research, studies or surveys of selected problems. Total credit limited to 4 units, with a maximum of 2 units per quarter. Prerequisite: Consent of department chair.

Traditional and current ideas and arguments about substance, the relation of universals to particulars, space and time, events, causation and necessity, the self and free will. 3 lectures, research paper. Prerequisite: PHIL 230.