Root Locus - More General Approach

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In the last class we saw a way to generate the root locus for any system.  The roots of the characteristic equation of a system are the system's closed-loop poles.  They determine the system response.  If we let a parameter in the characteristic equation vary (usually K), we can make a table of closed-loop root locations as a function of K.  If we let K vary from 0 to infinity, the root locations trace out the root locus.  The path these roots take is called the root locus. 

Any system's root locus can be generated by this brute-force method.  There is a better, faster way that gives you a rough idea of the shape of the root locus with only a few, easy calculations.  That method is described here.

Root Locus and Characteristic Equation

A generic control loop with a P-only controller:

The closed-loop transfer function is

So the characteristic equation is

Recall that the roots of this equation are the closed-loop poles, which determine the nature of the system response.  As K varies, the roots of the equation vary.  So for different values of K, the system response will be different.

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